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H 13 D2 Die Steel And Tool Steel

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DETAILED INFORMATION

D2 steel is a high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel that air hardens abrasions. Wear and resistance are high. In the annealed condition, it is machinable and has hardness between 55 and 62 HRC—correct hardening of D2 steel results in little distortion. D2 steel’s high chromium content gives it mild corrosion resistance.

D2 steel is a high-carbon, high-chromium air-hardening tool steel. Wear and abrasion resistance is high. In the annealed condition, it can be machined and has a hardness of 55-62 HRC. When hardened correctly, D2 steel shows little distortion. D2 steel’s high chromium content in hardened conditions provides mild corrosion resistance.

 

High-carbon, high-chromium tool steel offers excellent wear resistance and toughness. D2 tool steel hardens in the air with a low movement order and offers corrosion resistance when polished. When long runs are required, it is often used as an alternative to oil-hardening tool steel grades.

A versatile chromium-molybdenum hot work steel, H13 Tool Steel is widely used in hot and cold work tooling. As a result of cyclic heating and cooling cycles in hot work tooling applications, the hot hardness (hot strength) of H13 resists thermal fatigue cracking. H13 is used for more hot work tooling applications than any other steel due to its excellent combination of high toughness and thermal fatigue cracking resistance.

In addition to its high toughness and stability in heat treatment, H13 is also used in cold work tooling. Compared to standard alloy steels such as 4140, H13 has better hardenability (through hardening in large sections) and wear resistance.

As well as Electro-Slag-Remelted (ESR) and Vacuum-Arc-Remelted (VAR) products. The remelting process improves chemical homogeneity, refines carbide size, and improves mechanical and fatigue properties.

We offer H13 steel in Electro-Slag-Remelted (ESR) grade.  The AISI-H13 ESR grade is mainly used for Aluminum Pressure Die Casting & components requiring high temperatures and high-pressure strength. As a result of its high toughness and good resistance to thermal fatigue cracking, H13 is used for more hot work tooling applications than any other tool steel. H13 tool steel is also used in cold work applications because of its high toughness and good heat treatment stability. As a result, H13 is hardenable and wear-resistant.

460-500 BHN is the standard hardness

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Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua-Barbuda Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa-Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini (fmr. “Swaziland”), Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine-State, Panama, Papua, New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Common H13 Tool Steel Related Specifications

Country USA German Japan
Standard ASTM A681 DIN EN ISO 4857 JIS G4404
Grades H13 1.2344/X40CrMoV5-1 SKD61

 

Chemical composition:

The following table shows the chemical composition of D2 steel:
 
Element
C
Si
Mn
P
S
Cr
Mo
Ni
Cu
Co
Content (%)
1.40-1.60
0.60
0.60
0.03
0.03
11.00-13.00
0.70-1.20
0.30
1.10
0.25
1.00

Mechanical Properties:

The mechanical properties of D2 steels are tabulated below:
 
Mechanical Properties
Metric
Imperial
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Rockwell C hardness)
769
769
Hardness, Rockwell C
62
62
Hardness, Vickers
748
748
Izod impact unnotched
77.0 J
56.8 ft-lb
Poisson’s ratio
0.27-0.30
0.27-0.30
Elastic modulus
190-210 GPa
27557-30457 ksi

 

Grade Application D2 

Typical applications for D2 Steel:
 
  • Stamping or Forming Dies
  • Punches
  • Forming Rolls
  • Knives, slitters, shear blades
  • Tools
  • Scrap choppers
  • Tyre shredders

The hardness is:

HRC 62-63

 

Treatment with heat:

Due to factors such as the shape and size of each D2 steel component, heat treatment temperatures, cooling rates, and soak times will vary. During heat treatment, furnace type, quenching medium, and workpiece transfer facilities are also important considerations.

 

The hardening process:

The tools should be heated in a controlled atmosphere. Pack hardening is recommended if this is not possible. It is desirable to have a reduced atmosphere. Heat the D2 tool steel component to 750-800°C. Allow soaking at this temperature. The tools can be brought up to 1000-1040°C for air cooling or for oil quenching to 980°C. The ruling section should be soaked at the temperature for thirty minutes per 25mm, then cooled or quenched. When heating for hardening, do not exceed 1040°C.

 

Tempering:

It is recommended to double temper. After hardening, D2 tool steel should be tempered as soon as possible, preferably while still warm. Take into account the service requirements when selecting a tempering temperature. Slowly and uniformly heat the food. After the D2 component reaches the desired temperature, soak for at least one hour per 25mm of section. In the second tempering, the first tempering should be repeated.

 

 

Physical Properties:

Properties
Metric
Imperial
Density
7.7 x 1000 kg/m3
0.278 lb/in3
Melting point
1421°C
2590°F
 

Thermal Properties:

 
Properties
Conditions
T (°C)
Treatment
Thermal expansion
10.4 x 10-6/ºC
20-100
 

 

Forging Properties:

It is possible to forge D2 steels between 1065oC (1950oF) and 954oC (1750oF). It is not recommended to forge below 926°C (1700°F).

 

Relieving stress:

In order to minimize distortion when tools made from D2 tool steel are heavily machined, ground, or otherwise subjected to cold work, internal strains should be relieved before hardening. After rough machining, stress relief should be performed. Heat the component to 600-650°C to relieve stress. Cool in the furnace or in the air after soaking well. It is then possible to finish the machine with the tools before hardening them.

 

Normalizing:

Cold-work steels with high carbon and high chromium are virtually distortion-free. Stress may cause distortion with faster cooling. Therefore, normalizing should be avoided. As martensitic formation occurs even during furnace cooling, normalizing is also unnecessary.

 

The annealing process:

A machinable and annealed state of D2 is supplied. Re-annealing is only necessary if the toolmaker has forged or hardened the steel. Heat slowly and uniformly to 900°C to anneal. After soaking for three to four hours, cool in the furnace to room temperature. Reheat to 800-1040°C and soak for three to four hours again. Allow the furnace to cool to room temperature.

 

 

Machinability:

50-60% of a 1% carbon steel

 

Welding:

When welding tool steels, the first consideration should be whether the weld requires the same hardness as the base.

Is the metal to be welded, annealed, or hardened?

The lowest possible weld current (smallest electrode diameter) should be used.

Stringer beads are not used in weaves.

After each weld has been completed, peen it.

Make sure the parts are clean.

Excessive joint restraint should be avoided.

 

 

Introduction to Grade H13

A versatile chromium-molybdenum hot work steel, H13 Tool Steel is widely used in hot and cold work tooling. As a result of cyclic heating and cooling cycles in hot work tooling applications, the hot hardness (hot strength) of H13 resists thermal fatigue cracking. H13 is used for more hot work tooling applications than any other steel due to its excellent combination of high toughness and thermal fatigue cracking resistance.

 

Due to its high toughness and good heat-treatment stability, H13 is also used in cold work tooling. H13 offers better hardenability (through hardening in large section thicknesses) and wear resistance than common alloy steels like 414

Application for Grade H 13

Forging and pressing dies, Extrusion dies, mandrels and punches, Hot chisels, Pressure pads, Extrusion stems and rams, Blanking and bending tools, Hot heading tools, and Backer blocks.

Chemical composition:

The following table shows the chemical composition of H-13 steel:
Element
C
Si
Mn
P
S
Cr
Mo
Ni
V
Cu
Content (%)
0.32-0.45
0.80-1.20 
0.20-0.50
0.03
0.03
4.75-5.50
1.10-1.75
0.3
0.80-1.20
0.25
 

Mechanical Properties:

Properties
Metric
Imperial
Tensile strength, ultimate (@20°C/68°F, varies with heat treatment)
1200 – 1590 MPa
174000 – 231000 psi
Tensile strength, yield (@20°C/68°F, varies with heat treatment)
1000 – 1380 MPa
145000 – 200000 psi
Reduction of area (@20°C/68°F)
50.00%
50.00%
Modulus of elasticity (@20°C/68°F)
215 GPa
31200 ksi
Poisson’s ratio
0.27-0.30
0.27-0.30

 

The hardness is:

A 1-inch piece of steel was tested for hardness. H13 specimens were quenched at 1850°F and tempered for two hours at various temperatures.

 

Treatment with heat:

H13 tool steel is preheated to 816°C (1500°F). Next, the steels are directly heated to 1010°C (1850°F) and held for 15 to 40 minutes. After that, the steels are air-quenched.

 

Developing hardness:

The H13 tool steel has a high hardenability and should be hardened by cooling in still air. In order to minimize decarburization, a salt bath or controlled atmosphere furnace is recommended; if neither is available, pack hardening in spent pitch coke can be used. In general, the temperature used is 1800°-1850°F, depending on the size of the section.

 

The tempering process:

Tempering practices vary depending on size and application but are usually performed at maximum secondary hardness or higher. It is recommended to double temper. In the following results, H13 was air quenched from 1800°F and tempered for 4 hours at various temperatures for a total of 4 hours. Keeping in mind that parts of heavy sections or masses may have a much lower hardness, the results may be used as a guide.

Physical Properties:

Properties

Metric

Imperial

Density (@20°C/68°F)

7.80 g/cm3

0.282 lb/in3

Melting point

1427°C

2600°F

 

Thermal Properties:

Properties Conditions
T (ºC) Treatment
Thermal expansion 10.4 x 10-6/ºC 20-100
Thermal conductivity 28.6 W/mK 215

 

Properties of forging:

Forged H13 tool steels are heated to 1079°C (1975°F). It is not recommended to forge this type of steel below 898°C (1650°F).

 

Relieving stress:

To relieve machining strain, heat slowly to 1050°-1250°F, allow to equalize, and then cool in still air (Strain Relieving).

 

The normalization process:

Normalize without normalizing.

 

The annealing process:

In the furnace, H13 tool steels are annealed at 871°C (1600°F) and slowly cooled at four °C (40°F).

 

Mechanics:

Compared to the W group tool steels, H13 tool steels are nearly 75% machinable.

 

Using a welder:

Welding is readily possible with H13 tool steels.

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