40C8 Carbon Steel
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DETAILED INFORMATION
It primarily comprises iron (Fe) and carbon (C), with a carbon content of approximately 0.40 percent. It is designated as a “C8” steel with a nominal carbon content of 0.80%, indicating it is carbon steel. There are two types of carbon steel, 40C8 and 40C8, which fall under the structural steel category.
A 40C8 carbon steel is commonly used to manufacture machine components such as gears, shafts, couplings, and axles. It is commonly used for these components. As a medium carbon content, it balances strength amazingly, making it suitable for applications requiring a moderate strength and good machinability.
The strength and durability of 40C8 carbon steel make it a great choice for making bolts, screws, and other fasteners due to its high strength and toughness. Because of its high tensile strength and excellent shear resistance, it is ideal for joining and securing a wide range of components in various industries.
Among other things, 40C8 carbon steel is used in the automotive industry to manufacture crankshafts, connecting rods, camshafts, and gears due to its high mechanical properties. Its mechanical properties make it well-suited to withstand the stresses and strains associated with engine and drivetrain components due to the stresses and strains it encounters.
The construction industry utilizes this type of carbon steel to manufacture structural components such as beams, columns, and supports, which are used in the construction industry. Its strength and durability make it a good choice for load-bearing structures that require a mixture of strength and durability.
Springs: 40C8 carbon steel is sometimes used to manufacture various springs, including coil and flat springs. Its ability to withstand repeated loading and its moderate hardness makes it suitable for applications that require resilience and flexibility.
Some hand tools, such as wrenches, chisels, and hammers, are usually 40C8 carbon steel. The material’s toughness and wear resistance make it a good choice for tools subjected to high-impact forces requiring good cutting or unique capabilities.
There is a need to note that certain applications may require additional processing, heat treatment, or alloying elements to enhance the performance or achieve desired properties. It is important to note that the uses mentioned above provide a general overview of 40C8 carbon steel’s uses. Still, its versatility also extends to a wide range of applications and industries.
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C40 Steel Specifications :
C40 steel grade belongs to the standard of ISO, which is a standard for wrought steel for mechanical and allied engineering purpose. In BS 970 standards, there are some other common steel grades, like EN9, EN19, EN24, EN36 etc. And the most equivalent is grade 080M40 steel in BS 970-1991.
Mechanical Properties:
PROPERTIES |
METRIC |
IMPERIAL |
Tensile strength Ultimate |
660 MPa |
95700 psi |
Tensile strength Yield |
560 MPa |
81200 psi |
Bulk modulus (typical for steels) |
140 GPa |
20300 ksi |
Shear modulus (typical for steels) |
80 GPa |
11600 ksi |
Elastic modulus |
190 – 210 GPa |
19700- 30458 ksi |
Poisson’s ratio |
0.27 -0.30 |
0.27 -0.30 |
Elongation at break (in 50 mm) |
0.1 |
0.1 |
Reduction of area |
0.4 |
0.4 |
Hardness, Brinell |
197 |
197 |
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness) |
219 |
219 |
Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) |
92 |
92 |
Hardness, Rockwell C (converted from Brinell hardness. Value below normal HRC range, for comparison purposes only) |
13 |
13 |
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) |
207 |
207 |
Machinability (based on AISI 1212 steel. as 100 machinabilities) |
55 |
55 |
Chemical Composition:
The following table shows the chemical composition of 40C8 steel:
Element |
C |
Mn |
Si |
S |
P |
Content (%) |
0.35 – 0.45 |
0.60 – 0.90 |
0.10 – 0.35 |
0.35 Max |
0.35 Max |
Physical Properties:
PROPERTIES |
METRIC |
IMPERIAL |
Density |
7.85 g/cm3 |
0.284 lb/in³ |
Thermal Properties:
PROPERTIES
|
METRIC
|
IMPERIAL
|
Thermal expansion coefficient
|
11 µm/m°C
|
6.11 µin/in°F
|
Thermal conductivity
|
49.8 W/mK
|
346 BTU in/hr.ft².°F
|
40C8 Carbon Steel Equivalent
As the name implies, the 40C8 carbon steel is an Indian standard designation for medium carbon steel, having a nominal carbon content of 0.40%. This steel grade is comparable to several international steel grades in composition. Despite this, several carbon steel grades are equivalent to 40C8 carbon steel in different international standards. However, it is important to note that the designations can differ across different standards and countries.
AISI/SAE 1040 Steel Grade: AISI/SAE 1040 steel grade is one of the most widely used carbon steel grades in the United States. It has a carbon content of approximately 0.40% and is well-known for its high strength and wear resistance.
The DIN 1.1186 / C40E grade of carbon steel has the same chemical composition and mechanical properties as 40C8 carbon steel, and it is a medium carbon steel that is similar in chemical composition and mechanical properties to that of 40C8 carbon steel.
As the Japanese equivalent of the 40C8 carbon steel, JIS S40C is also carbon steel with a carbon content of approximately 0.40%. Due to its carbon content, it is most often used for machine parts and structural applications in machinery.
It should be noted that BS 080M40 and EN8 standards are British and European standards equivalent to 40C8 carbon steel, which has similar properties and is widely used in many industries.
It is important to verify the specific requirements of your application and consult relevant material standards or experts to ensure the right equivalent grade is selected to meet your application’s specific requirements.
Hardness:
197
Heat Treatment:
1611°C – 1367°C
Tempering:
550°C – 660°C
Forging Properties:
Preheat the 40C8 steel carefully, then raise the temperature to 1050°C for forging. Do not forge below 850°C after forging cool 40C8 steel slowly, preferably in a furnace.
Normalizing:
Normalizing of 40C8 bright mild steel takes place at 830-860°C (1526°F-1580°F), then it is cooled in air.
Annealing:
680 – 710°C
Some Of The Important Applications Of Plain Carbon Steel Are Following Below:
- 7C4 is used for components made by severe drawing operations, such as automobile bodies and hoods.
- 10C4 is used for case-hardened components such as cams and camshafts, gudgeon pins, sprockets, and spindles.
- 30C8 is used for cold-formed, case-hardened parts such as sockets, tie roads, yokes, levers, and rocker’s arms.
- 40C8 is used for transmission shafts, crankshafts, connecting roads, bolts, couplings, and cold-headed parts.
- 45C8 used for machine tool spindle, transmission shaft, bolts, and gears of large dimensions
- 50C4 used for transmission shaft,, worms, gears and cylinders.
- 55C8 is used for components with moderate wear resistance, such as gears, cam, sprocket, cylinder, and key.
- 60C4 used for machine tool spindle hardened bolt and pinion.
- 65C6 is used to make a coil and leaf springs.
Different Designation Of Carbon Steel Is 40C8 :
- SAE/AISI 1040
- BS 080M40
- IS C40 (OLD)
- UNS G10400
- AFNOR – XC42H1
- AISI – 1040
- BS – 080M40
- BS – 080A40
- BS – CS40
- DIN – Ck40
- EN – C40E
- GB – 40Mn
- GB – #40
- GOST – 40
- JUS – C.1434.2
- JUS – C.1434.1
- KS – SM40C
- UNE – C35k
- UNE – F.1140
- UNI – CS40
- UNS – G10400
- W-Nr – 1.1186
Advantages Of 40C8 Carbon Steel
Here are some key advantages of using 40C8 carbon steel in various applications. These are just a few of the benefits associated with using this type of carbon steel:
Application Of 40C8 Carbon Steel
Depending upon the percentage of carbon, plain carbon steels are classified into the following category:
- Low carbon steel
- Medium carbon steel
- High carbon steel
Applicability of ASTM A105/ ASME SA-105 to ASME BPVC
Temp. | -20~100 | 150 | 200 | 300 | 400 |
S | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Temp. | 500 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 |
S | 19.6 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 17.2 | 14.8 |
Temp. | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 |
S | 12.0 | 9.3 | 6.7 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
*Temp.: metal temperature, °F, not exceeding; *S: maximum allowable stress, ksi. *The ASTM A105/ ASME SA-105 forgings can be applied to Section I; Section III, Classes 2 and 3; Section VIII Division 1; and Section XII with maximum temperature limits of 1000°F, 700°F, 1000°F, and 650°F, respectively.
Temp. | -20~100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
Sm | 23.3 | 22.6 | 22.0 | – | 21.2 |
Temp. | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 | 700 |
Sm | 20.5 | 19.6 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 17.2 |
*Temp.: metal temperature, °F, not exceeding; *Sm: design stress intensity, ksi. *The ASTM A105/ ASME SA-105 forgings can also be applied to Section III, Division 1, Classes 1 and MC, and Section III, Division 3, Classes TC and SC with the maximum temperature limit of 700°F.
Temp. | -20~100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
Sm | 24.0 | 22.6 | 22.0 | 21.6 | 21.2 |
Temp. | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 |
Sm | 20.9 | 20.5 | 20.1 | 19.6 | 19.0 |
Temp. | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 |
Sm | 18.4 | 17.8 | 17.2 | 14.8 | 12.0 |
Temp. | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 | – |
Sm | 9.3 | 6.7 | 4.0 | 2.5 | – |
*Temp.: metal temperature, °F, not exceeding; *Sm: maximum allowable stress, ksi. *ASME SA-105 forgings can be applied to Section VIII, Division 2 with a maximum temperature limit of 1000°F. The maximum allowable stress values Sm at elevated temperatures are indicated in the Code.
CARBON STEEL ROUND BAR WEIGHT CHART
Grade |
Carbon Steel |
Size |
Pressure |
ASTM / ASME A 105 |
ASTM A105, A350 DIN C22.8C21RST37.2 JIS SS400SF440A GB Q235 16Mn |
DN15″–1600″ |
PN0.25—PN42Ma |
CARBON STEEL ROUND BAR WEIGHT CHART
SHAPE |
POUNDS PER FOOT |
Round |
D2 x 2.67 |
Hexagon |
D2 x 2.945 |
Square |
D2 x 3.4 |
Flat |
Thickness (in.) x Width (in.) x 3.4 |
ASTM A105 Bright Bar Condition
H&T |
Hardened and tempered. |
ANN |
Annealed |
PH |
Precipitation hardened. |
Carbon Steel A105 Square Bar Surface finish
CD |
Cold drawn |
P |
Polished |
BD |
Bright drawn |
SRE |
Slit rolled edge |
CG |
Centreless ground |
HF |
Hot finished |
CF |
Cold finished |
HRAP |
Hot rolled annealed and pickled |
P&T |
Peeled and turned |
RT |
Rough turned/peeled |
ST |
Smooth turned |
PR |
Peeled and reeled |